Page 1 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches) First Published: 2017-07-31 Last Modified: 2017-11-03 Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 527-0883...
Page 3 Configuring BFD Support for IS-IS for One or More Interfaces Configuring BFD Support for OSPF Configuring BFD Support for OSPF for All Interfaces Configuring BFD Support for OSPF for One or More Interfaces Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 4 Shutting Down an MSDP Peer Including a Bordering PIM Dense-Mode Region in MSDP Configuring an Originating Address other than the RP Address Monitoring and Maintaining MSDP Configuration Examples for Configuring MSDP Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 5 Setting ARP Encapsulation Enabling Proxy ARP Routing Assistance When IP Routing is Disabled Proxy ARP Default Gateway ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) Configuring Broadcast Packet Handling Enabling Directed Broadcast-to-Physical Broadcast Translation Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 6 Configuring Basic OSPF Parameters Configuring OSPF Interfaces Configuring OSPF Area Parameters Configuring Other OSPF Parameters Changing LSA Group Pacing Configuring a Loopback Interface Monitoring OSPF Configuration Examples for OSPF Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 7 Routing Domain Confederations BGP Route Reflectors Route Dampening More BGP Information How to Configure BGP Default BGP Configuration Enabling BGP Routing Managing Routing Policy Changes Configuring BGP Decision Attributes Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 8 How to Configure Multi-VRF CE Default Multi-VRF CE Configuration Multi-VRF CE Configuration Guidelines Configuring VRFs Configuring VRF-Aware Services Configuring VRF-Aware Services for ARP Configuring VRF-Aware Services for Ping Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches) viii...
Page 9 Information About Route Maps How to Configure a Route Map How to Control Route Distribution Policy-Based Routing Information About Policy-Based Routing How to Configure PBR Filtering Routing Information Setting Passive Interfaces Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 10 How to Configure GRE Tunnel IP Source and Destination VRF Membership Configuration Example for GRE Tunnel IP Source and Destination VRF Membership Additional References Feature History for Generic Routing Encapsulation Tunnel IP Source and Destination VRF Membership Notices Trademarks Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 11: Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Page 12: Restrictions For Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
BFD is a detection protocol that you enable at the interface and routing protocol levels. Cisco supports BFD asynchronous mode, which depends on the sending of BFD control packets between two systems to activate and maintain BFD neighbor sessions between routers.
Page 13: Bfd Detection Of Failures
• Starting Cisco IOS XE Denali 16.3.1, Cisco devices will support BFD version 0, where devices will use one BFD session for multiple client protocols in the implementation. For example, if a network is running OSPF and EIGRP across the same link to the same peer, only one BFD session will be established, and BFD will share session information with both routing protocols.
Page 14: Bfd Session Limits
Configuring Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Information About Bidirectional Forwarding Detection BFD Session Limits Starting Cisco IOS XE Denali 16.3.1, the number of BFD sessions that can be created has been increased to 100. BFD Support for Nonbroadcast Media Interfaces Starting Cisco IOS XE Denali 16.3.1, the BFD feature is supported on routed, SVI and L3 portchannels.
Page 15: Benefits Of Using Bfd For Failure Detection
• Because some parts of BFD can be distributed to the data plane, it can be less CPU-intensive than the reduced EIGRP, IS-IS, and OSPF timers, which exist wholly at the control plane. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 16: How To Configure Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
100 multiplier 3 when: • an IPv4 address is removed from an interface • an IPv6 address is removed from an interface • IPv6 is disabled from an interface Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 17: Configuring Bfd Support For Dynamic Routing Protocols
Output from the show bfd neighbors details command shows the configured intervals. Note Procedure Command or Action Purpose Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode. • Enter your password if prompted. Example: Device> enable Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 18: Configuring Bfd Support For Eigrp
• You can enable BFD for a subset of the interfaces for which EIGRP is routing by using the bfd interface type number command in router configuration mode. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 19 • bfd interface type number Enables BFD on a per-interface basis for one or more interfaces associated with the EIGRP routing process. Example: Device(config-router)# bfd all-interfaces Example: Device(config-router)# bfd interface GigabitFastEthernet 1/0/1 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 20: Configuring Bfd Support For Is-Is
Output from the show bfd neighbors details command shows the configured intervals. The output does not show intervals that were changed because hardware-offloaded BFD sessions were configured with Tx and Rx intervals that are not multiples of 50 ms. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 21: Configuring Bfd Support For Is-Is For All Interfaces
(Optional) Enters interface configuration mode. Example: Device(config)# interface fastethernet 6/0 Step 7 ip router isis [ tag ] (Optional) Enables support for IPv4 routing on the interface. Example: Device(config-if)# ip router isis tag1 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 22: Configuring Bfd Support For Is-Is For One Or More Interfaces
Purpose Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode. • Enter your password if prompted. Example: Device> enable Step 2 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode. Example: Device# configure terminal Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 23: Configuring Bfd Support For Ospf
BFD and will receive forwarding path detection failure messages from BFD. You can either configure BFD support for OSPF globally on all interfaces or configure it selectively on one or more interfaces. There are two methods for enabling BFD support for OSPF: Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 24: Configuring Bfd Support For Ospf For All Interfaces
Specifies an OSPF process and enters router configuration mode. Example: Device(config)# router ospf 4 Step 4 bfd all-interfaces Enables BFD globally on all interfaces associated with the OSPF routing process. Example: Device(config-router)# bfd all-interfaces Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 25: Configuring Bfd Support For Ospf For One Or More Interfaces
The baseline parameters for BFD sessions on the interfaces over which you want to run BFD sessions to BFD neighbors must be configured. See the Configuring BFD Session Parameters on the Interface section for more information. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 26 Device# show bfd neighbors details Step 7 (Optional) Displays information that can help verify if show ip ospf BFD support for OSPF has been enabled. Example: Device# show ip ospf Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 27: Configuring Bfd Support For Hsrp
Device(config)# interface FastEthernet Step 5 ip address ip-address mask Configures an IP address for the interface. Example: Device(config-if)# ip address 10.1.0.22 255.255.0.0 Step 6 standby [group-number] ip [ip-address Activates HSRP. [secondary]] Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 28: Configuring Bfd Support For Static Routing
Perform this task to configure BFD support for static routing. Repeat the steps in this procedure on each BFD neighbor. For more information, see the "Example: Configuring BFD Support for Static Routing" section. Procedure Command or Action Purpose Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 29 • an IPv6 address is removed from an interface • IPv6 is disabled from an interface • an interface is shutdown • IPv4 CEF is disabled globally or locally on an interface Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 30 BFD configuration from the configured BFD groups and nongroup entries. Example: Device# show ip static route bfd Step 12 exit Exits privileged EXEC mode and returns to user EXEC mode. Example: Device# exit Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 31: Configuring Bfd Echo Mode
Repeat the steps in this procedure for each BFD router. Procedure Command or Action Purpose Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode. • Enter your password if prompted. Example: Router> enable Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 32: Creating And Configuring Bfd Templates
Purpose Step 1 Enables privileged EXEC mode. enable • Enter your password if prompted. Example: Device> enable Step 2 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode. Example: Device# configure terminal Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 33: Monitoring And Troubleshooting Bfd
This section contains information for monitoring and troubleshooting BFD for the following Cisco platforms: Monitoring and Troubleshooting BFD To monitor or troubleshoot BFD on Cisco 7600 series routers, perform one or more of the steps in this section. Procedure Command or Action...
Page 34: Feature Information For Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
Feature Information for Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Table 1: Feature Information for Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Feature Name Release Feature Information Bidirectional Forwarding Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.5.1a This feature was introduced Detection Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 35: Information About Configuring Msdp
The purpose of this topology is to have domains discover multicast sources in other domains. If the multicast sources are of interest to a domain that has receivers, multicast data is delivered over the normal, source-tree Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 36: Msdp Operation
Multicast traffic can now flow from the source across the source tree to the RP and then down the shared tree in the remote domain to the receiver. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 37: Msdp Benefits
• PIM sparse-mode domains can rely only on their own RPs, decreasing reliance on RPs in another domain. This increases security because you can prevent your sources from being known outside your domain. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 38: How To Configure Msdp
RP prefixes. This syntax is typically used in a service provider cloud that connects stub site clouds. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 39 Step 7 show running-config Verifies your entries. Example: Device# show running-config Step 8 copy running-config (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. startup-config Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 40: Caching Source-Active State
0.0.255.255 224.2.0.0 • For protocol, enter ip as the protocol name. 0.0.255.255 • For source, enter the number of the network or host from which the packet is being sent. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 41: Requesting Source Information From An Msdp Peer
Follow these steps to configure the Device to send SA request messages to the MSDP peer when a new member joins a group and wants to receive multicast traffic: Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 42: Controlling Source Information That Your Switch Originates
(Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Controlling Source Information that Your Switch Originates You can control the multicast source information that originates with your Device: Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 43: Redistributing Sources
The Device advertises (S,G) pairs according to the access list or autonomous system path access list. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 44 Device(config)# end Step 6 show running-config Verifies your entries. Example: Device# show running-config Step 7 copy running-config (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. startup-config Example: Device# copy running-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 45: Filtering Source-Active Request Messages
The {ip-address| name} access list describes a multicast group address. The range list access-list-number for the access-list-number is 1 to 99. Example: Device(config)# ip msdp filter sa-request 171.69.2.2 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 46: Controlling Source Information That Your Switch Forwards
(TTL) value. Using a Filter By creating a filter, you can perform one of these actions: Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 47 A deny filters {ip-address | name} routes. route-map map-tag Example: Device(config)# ip msdp sa-filter out switch.cisco.com Device(config)# ip msdp sa-filter out list 100 Device(config)# ip msdp sa-filter out switch.cisco.com route-map Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 48 Step 6 show running-config Verifies your entries. Example: Device# show running-config Step 7 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 49: Using Ttl To Limit The Multicast Data Sent In Sa Messages
TTL is exhausted. The range is 0 to 255. Step 4 Returns to privileged EXEC mode. Example: Device(config)# end Step 5 Verifies your entries. show running-config Example: Device# show running-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 50: Controlling Source Information That Your Switch Receives
If both the list and the route-map keywords are used, • ip msdp sa-filter in all conditions must be true to pass any (S,G) pair in outgoing SA messages. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 51 Place ones in the bit positions that you want to ignore. Recall that the access list is always terminated by an implicit deny statement for everything. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 52: Configuring An Msdp Mesh Group
Purpose Step 1 Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password enable if prompted. Example: Device> enable Step 2 configure terminal Enters the global configuration mode. Example: Device# configure terminal Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 53: Shutting Down An Msdp Peer
You can also shut down an MSDP session without losing configuration information for the peer. Follow these steps to shut down a peer: Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 54: Including A Bordering Pim Dense-Mode Region In Msdp
You can configure MSDP on a Device that borders a PIM sparse-mode region with a dense-mode region. By default, active sources in the dense-mode region do not participate in MSDP. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 55 Configures which (S,G) entries from the multicast access-list-name] [asn routing table are advertised in SA messages. aspath-access-list-number] [route-map For more information, see the Redistributing map] Sources, on page Example: Device(config)# ip msdp redistribute list 100 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 56: Configuring An Originating Address Other Than The Rp Address
Follow these steps to allow an MSDP speaker that originates an SA message to use the IP address on the interface as the RP address in the SA message: Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 57: Monitoring And Maintaining Msdp
(Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Monitoring and Maintaining MSDP Commands that monitor MSDP SA messages, peers, state, and peer status: Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 58: Configuration Examples For Configuring Msdp
(like the customer in ) who use default peering (no BGP or MBGP). In that case, they might have similar configurations. That is, they accept SAs only from a default peer if the SA is permitted by the corresponding prefix list. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 59: Caching Source-Active State: Example
Device(config)# ip msdp peer switch.cisco.com connect-source gigabitethernet1/0/1 Device(config)# ip msdp sa-filter out switch.cisco.com list 100 Device(config)# access-list 100 permit ip 171.69.0.0 0.0.255.255 224.20 0 0.0.255.255 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 60: Controlling Source Information That Your Switch Receives: Example
Controlling Source Information that Your Switch Receives: Example Controlling Source Information that Your Switch Receives: Example This example shows how to filter all SA messages from the peer named switch.cisco.com: Device(config)# ip msdp peer switch.cisco.com connect-source gigabitethernet1/0/1 Device(config)# ip msdp sa-filter in switch.cisco.com...
Page 61: Configuring Ip Unicast Routing
How to Configure IS-IS Routing, page 149 • Monitoring and Maintaining IS-IS, page 158 • Information About Multi-VRF CE, page 158 • How to Configure Multi-VRF CE, page 161 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 62: Information About Configuring Ip Unicast Routing
When Host A in VLAN 10 needs to communicate with Host B in VLAN 10, it sends a packet addressed to that host. Switch A forwards the packet directly to Host B, without sending it to the router. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 63: Types Of Routing
A supernet consists of contiguous blocks of Class C address spaces used to simulate a single, larger address space and is designed to relieve the pressure on the rapidly depleting Class B address space. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 64 Figure 4: No IP Classless Routing To prevent the Device from forwarding packets destined for unrecognized subnets to the best supernet route possible, you can disable classless routing behavior. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 65: Address Resolution
RARP server on the same network segment as the router interface. Use the ip rarp-server address interface configuration command to identify the server. For more information on RARP, see the Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide Proxy ARP Proxy ARP, the most common method for learning about other routes, enables an Ethernet host with no routing information to communicate with hosts on other networks or subnets.
Page 66: Udp Broadcast Packets And Protocols
By default, both UDP and ND forwarding are enabled if a helper address has been defined for an interface. The description for the ip forward-protocol interface configuration command in the Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 1 of 3: Addressing and Services lists the ports that are forwarded by default if you do not specify any UDP ports.
Page 67: Ip Broadcast Flooding
By default, IP routing is disabled on the Device, and you must enable it before routing can take place. For detailed IP routing configuration information, see the Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide. In the following procedures, the specified interface must be one of these Layer 3 interfaces: •...
Page 68: How To Configure Ip Addressing
• Assigning IP Addresses to Network Interfaces • Configuring Address Resolution Methods • Routing Assistance When IP Routing is Disabled • Configuring Broadcast Packet Handling • Monitoring and Maintaining IP Addressing Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 69: Default Ip Addressing Configuration
Defaults when enabled: • Broadcast IRDP advertisements. • Maximum interval between advertisements: 600 seconds. • Minimum interval between advertisements: 0.75 times max interval • Preference: 0. IP proxy ARP Enabled. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 70: Assigning Ip Addresses To Network Interfaces
(if it is a physical interface). Example: Device(config-if)# no switchport Step 5 ip address ip-address subnet-mask Configures the IP address and IP subnet mask. Example: Device(config-if)# ip address 10.1.5.1 255.255.255.0 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 71: Using Subnet Zero
IP address. Use the no ip subnet-zero global configuration command to restore the default and disable the use of subnet zero. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 72: Disabling Classless Routing
Device# copy running-config startup-config Disabling Classless Routing To prevent the Device from forwarding packets destined for unrecognized subnets to the best supernet route possible, you can disable classless routing behavior. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 73: Configuring Address Resolution Methods
ARP and other address resolution protocols provide dynamic mapping between IP addresses and MAC addresses. Because most hosts support dynamic address resolution, you usually do not need to specify static Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 74 (Optional) Sets the length of time an ARP cache entry will stay in the cache. The default is 14400 seconds (4 hours). The range is 0 to 2147483 Example: seconds. Device(config-if)# arp 20000 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 75: Setting Arp Encapsulation
To disable an encapsulation type, use the no arp arpa or no arp snap interface configuration command. Procedure Command or Action Purpose Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted. Example: Device> enable Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 76: Enabling Proxy Arp
Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Enabling Proxy ARP By default, the Device uses proxy ARP to help hosts learn MAC addresses of hosts on other networks or subnets. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 77 Verifies the configuration on the interface or all interfaces. Example: Device# show ip interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2 Step 7 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 78: Routing Assistance When Ip Routing Is Disabled
Step 2 configure terminal Enters the global configuration mode. Example: Device# configure terminal Step 3 ip default-gateway ip-address Sets up a default gateway (router). Example: Device(config)# ip default gateway 10.1.5.1 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 79: Icmp Router Discovery Protocol (Irdp)
Purpose Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted. Example: Device> enable Step 2 configure terminal Enters the global configuration mode. Example: Device# configure terminal Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 80 (Optional) Sets a device IRDP preference level. The allowed range is –231 to 231. The default is 0. A higher value increases the router preference level. Example: Device(config-if)# ip irdp preference 2 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 81: Configuring Broadcast Packet Handling
You can specify an access list to control which broadcasts are forwarded. When an access list is specified, only those IP packets permitted by the access list are eligible to be translated from directed broadcasts to Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 82 • udp—Forward UPD datagrams. Example: port: (Optional) Destination port that controls Device(config)# ip forward-protocol which UDP services are forwarded. • nd—Forward ND datagrams. • sdns—Forward SDNS datagrams Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 83: Forwarding Udp Broadcast Packets And Protocols
Purpose Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted. Example: Device> enable Step 2 configure terminal Enters the global configuration mode. Example: Device# configure terminal Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 84 Step 9 show running-config Verifies your entries. Example: Device# show running-config Step 10 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 85: Establishing An Ip Broadcast Address
Verifies the broadcast address on the interface or all interfaces. Example: Device# show ip interface Step 7 (Optional) Saves your entries in the copy running-config startup-config configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 86: Flooding Ip Broadcasts
(Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Step 7 configure terminal Enters the global configuration mode. Example: Device# configure terminal Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 87: Monitoring And Maintaining Ip Addressing
You can display specific statistics, such as the contents of IP routing tables, caches, and databases; the reachability of nodes; and the routing path that packets are taking through the network. The Table lists the privileged EXEC commands for displaying IP statistics. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 88: How To Configure Ip Unicast Routing
By default, the Device is in Layer 2 switching mode and IP routing is disabled. To use the Layer 3 capabilities of the Device, you must enable IP routing. Procedure Command or Action Purpose Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted. Example: Device> enable Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 89: Example Of Enabling Ip Routing
Device(config)# ip routing Device(config-router)# end What to Do Next You can now set up parameters for the selected routing protocols as described in these sections: • RIP • OSPF, Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 90: Information About Rip
It is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses broadcast User Datagram Protocol (UDP) data packets to exchange routing information. The protocol is documented in RFC 1058. You can find detailed information about RIP in IP Routing Fundamentals, published by Cisco Press. RIP is supported in the Network Essentials feature set.
Page 91: How To Configure Rip
• Update: 30 seconds. • Invalid: 180 seconds. • Hold-down: 180 seconds. • Flush: 240 seconds. Validate-update-source Enabled. Version Receives RIP Version 1 and 2 packets; sends Version 1 packets. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 92: Configuring Basic Rip Parameters
(Optional) Defines a neighboring router with which to exchange routing information. This step allows routing updates from RIP (normally a broadcast protocol) to reach Example: nonbroadcast networks. Device(config)# neighbor 10.2.5.1 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 93 If you are sending packets to a Example: lower-speed device, you can add an interpacket delay in the Device(config)# output-delay range of 8 to 50 milliseconds. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 94: Configuring Rip Authentication
Purpose Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted. Example: Device> enable Step 2 configure terminal Enters the global configuration mode. Example: Device# configure terminal Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 95: Configuring Summary Addresses And Split Horizon
If you want to configure an interface running RIP to advertise a summarized local IP address pool on a network access server for dial-up clients, use the ip summary-address rip interface configuration command. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 96 10.1.1.30 255.255.255.0 Step 6 no ip split horizon Disables split horizon on the interface. Example: Device(config-if)# no ip split horizon Step 7 Returns to privileged EXEC mode. Example: Device(config)# end Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 97: Configuring Split Horizon
Purpose Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted. Example: Device> enable Step 2 configure terminal Enters the global configuration mode. Example: Device# configure terminal Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 98: Configuration Example For Summary Addresses And Split Horizon
In the example, if the interface is still in Layer 2 mode (the default), you must enter a no switchport interface configuration command before entering the ip address interface configuration command. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 99: Information About Ospf
The Cisco implementation supports RFC 1253, OSPF management information base (MIB). The Cisco implementation conforms to the OSPF Version 2 specifications with these key features: • Definition of stub areas is supported. • Routes learned through any IP routing protocol can be redistributed into another IP routing protocol. At the intradomain level, this means that OSPF can import routes learned through EIGRP and RIP.
Page 100: Ospf Nsf Awareness
This feature cannot be disabled. OSPF NSF Capability The Network Advantage license supports the OSPFv2 NSF IETF format in addition to the OSPFv2 NSF Cisco format that is supported in earlier releases. For information about this feature, see : NSF—OSPF (RFC 3623 OSPF Graceful Restart).
Page 101: Lsa Group Pacing
OSPF process must recalculate a new router ID and resend all its routing information out its interfaces. If a loopback interface is configured with an IP address, OSPF uses this IP address as its router Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 102: How To Configure Ospf
110. and dist3 (routes from other routing domains): 110. OSPF database filter Disabled. All outgoing link-state advertisements (LSAs) are flooded to the interface. IP OSPF name lookup Disabled. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 103: Configuring Basic Ospf Parameters
To enable OSPF, create an OSPF routing process, specify the range of IP addresses to associate with the routing process, and assign area IDs to be associated with that range. For switches running the Network Essentialsimage, you can configure either the Cisco OSPFv2 NSF format or the IETF OSPFv2 NSF format. Procedure...
Page 104 Verifies your entries. Example: Device# show ip protocols Step 8 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 105: Configuring Ospf Interfaces
(Optional) Sets priority to help find the OSPF designated router for a network. The range is from 0 to 255. The default is 1. Example: Device(config-if)# ip ospf priority 5 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 106 Example: • Options is 0x52 Device# show ip ospf neighbor LLS Options is 0x1 (LR) detail When both of these lines appear, the neighbor switch is NSF aware. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 107: Configuring Ospf Area Parameters
IP Example: address. Device(config-router)# area 1 authentication Step 4 area area-id authentication (Optional) Enables MD5 authentication on the area. message-digest Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 108 Device# show ip ospf Step 10 show ip ospf [process-id [area-id]] Displays lists of information related to the OSPF database for a specific router. database Example: Device# show ip osfp database Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 109: Configuring Other Ospf Parameters
(Optional) Establishes a virtual link and set its [hello-interval seconds] [retransmit-interval parameters. seconds] [trans] [[authentication-key key] | message-digest-key keyid md5 key]] Example: Device(config)# area 2 virtual-link 192.168.255.1 hello-interval 5 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 110 SPF calculations. The range is from 1 to 600000 in milliseconds. Step 11 ospf log-adj-changes (Optional) Sends syslog message when a neighbor state changes. Example: Device(config)# ospf log-adj-changes Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 111: Changing Lsa Group Pacing
Enables OSPF routing, and enter router configuration mode. Example: Device(config)# router ospf 25 Step 3 timers lsa-group-pacing seconds Changes the group pacing of LSAs. Example: Device(config-router)# timers lsa-group-pacing 15 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 112: Configuring A Loopback Interface
0 interface configuration mode. Example: Device(config)# interface loopback 0 Step 3 ip address address mask Assign an IP address to this interface. Example: Device(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.5 255.255.240.0 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 113: Monitoring Ospf
[process-id] database [asbr-summary] [link-state-id] show ip ospf [process-id] database [external] [link-state-id] show ip ospf [process-id area-id] database [database-summary] show ip ospf border-routes Displays the internal OSPF routing ABR and ASBR table entries. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 114: Configuration Examples For Ospf
Device(config-router)# network 131.108.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 24 Information About EIGRP Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) is a Cisco proprietary enhanced version of the IGRP. EIGRP uses the same distance vector algorithm and distance information as IGRP; however, the convergence properties and the operating efficiency of EIGRP are significantly improved.
Page 115: Eigrp Components
Neighbor discovery and recovery is achieved with low overhead by periodically sending small hello packets. As long as hello packets are received, the Cisco IOS software can learn that a neighbor is alive and functioning. When this status is determined, the neighboring routers can exchange routing information.
Page 116: Eigrp Nonstop Forwarding
(NSF) Awareness” section of the Cisco IOS IP Routing Protocols Configuration Guide, Release 12.4. EIGRP NSF Capability The Network Advantage license supports EIGRP Cisco NSF routing to speed up convergence and to eliminate traffic loss after a stack master change. For details about this NSF capability, see the “Configuring Nonstop Forwarding”...
Page 117: How To Configure Eigrp
A and C. Device B does not advertise any routes learned from Device A (and the reverse). Figure 5: EIGRP Stub Router Configuration For more information about EIGRP stub routing, see “Configuring EIGRP Stub Routing” section of the Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide, Volume 2 of 3: Routing Protocols.
Page 118: Default Eigrp Configuration
No authentication provided. IP authentication mode No authentication provided. IP bandwidth-percent 50 percent. IP hello interval For low-speed nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) networks: 60 seconds; all other networks: 5 seconds. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 119: Configuring Basic Eigrp Parameters
Variance 1 (equal-cost load-balancing). Configuring Basic EIGRP Parameters Before You Begin Procedure Command or Action Purpose Step 1 configure terminal Enters the global configuration mode. Example: Device# configure terminal Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 120 Example: Device(config)# auto-summary Step 9 ip summary-address eigrp (Optional) Configures a summary aggregate. autonomous-system-number address mask Example: Device(config)# ip summary-address eigrp 1 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 121: Configuring Eigrp Interfaces
(Optional) Configures the percentage of bandwidth that can be used by EIGRP on an interface. The default is 50 percent. Example: Device(config-if)# ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 60 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 122 EIGRP relating to those interfaces. Example: Device# show ip eigrp interface Step 10 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 123: Configuring Eigrp Route Authentication
Match the name configured in Step 4. Example: Device(config)# key chain chain1 Step 7 key number In key-chain configuration mode, identify the key number. Example: Device(config-keychain)# key 1 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 124 Displays authentication key information. Example: Device# show key chain Step 13 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 125: Monitoring And Maintaining Eigrp
You can delete neighbors from the neighbor table. You can also display various EIGRP routing statistics. The table given below lists the privileged EXEC commands for deleting neighbors and displaying statistics. For explanations of fields in the resulting display, see the Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 2 of 3: Routing Protocols, Release 12.4.
Page 126 AS paths, with other BGP systems. This information can be used to determine AS connectivity, to prune routing loops, and to enforce AS-level policy decisions. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 127: Nonstop Forwarding Awareness
Nonstop Forwarding Awareness A router or Device running Cisco IOS does not select or use an IBGP route unless it has a route available to the next-hop router and it has received synchronization from an IGP (unless IGP synchronization is disabled).
Page 128: Bgp Decision Attributes
BGP Decision Attributes There are two types of reset, hard reset and soft reset. Cisco IOS Releases 12.1 and later support a soft reset without any prior configuration. To use a soft reset without preconfiguration, both BGP peers must support the soft route refresh capability, which is advertised in the OPEN message sent when the peers establish a TCP session.
Page 129: Route Maps
2 Prefer the path with the largest weight (a Cisco proprietary parameter). The weight attribute is local to the router and not propagated in routing updates. By default, the weight attribute is 32768 for paths that the router originates and zero for other paths.
Page 130: Prefix List For Bgp Filtering
• no-export—Do not advertise this route to EBGP peers. • no-advertise—Do not advertise this route to any peer (internal or external). • local-as—Do not advertise this route to peers outside the local autonomous system. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 131: Bgp Neighbors And Peer Groups
To prevent a routing information loop, all IBPG speakers must be connected. The internal neighbors do not send routes learned from internal neighbors to other internal neighbors. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 132: Route Dampening
For detailed descriptions of BGP configuration, see the “Configuring BGP” chapter in the “IP Routing Protocols” part of the Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide, Release 12.4. For details about specific commands, see the Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 2 of 3: Routing Protocols, Release 12.4.
Page 133 The IP address of a loopback interface if one is configured or the highest IP address configured for a physical interface on the router. Default information originate Disabled. (protocol or network redistribution) Default metric Built-in, automatic metric translations. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 134 • Always compare: Disabled. Does not compare MEDs for paths from neighbors in different autonomous systems. • Best path compare: Disabled. • MED missing as worst path: Disabled. • Deterministic MED comparison is disabled. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 135 . If enabled, allows Layer 3 switches to continue forwarding packets from a neighboring NSF-capable router during hardware or software changes. Route reflector None configured. Synchronization (BGP and Disabled. IGP) Table map update Disabled. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 136: Enabling Bgp Routing
Device(config)# router bgp 45000 Step 4 network network-number [mask Configures a network as local to this AS, and enter it network-mask] [route-map in the BGP table. route-map-name] Example: Device(config)# network 10.108.0.0 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 137 Verifies that NSF awareness (Graceful Restart) is enabled on the neighbor. Example: If NSF awareness is enabled on the switch and the neighbor, this message appears: Device# show ip bgp neighbor Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 138: Managing Routing Policy Changes
Device# clear ip bgp * soft • Enter an IP address to specify the connection to be reset. • Enter a peer group name to reset the peer group. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 139: Configuring Bgp Decision Attributes
{ip-address | (Optional) Assign a weight to a neighbor connection. Acceptable values are from 0 to 65535; the largest peer-group-name} weight weight weight is the preferred route. Routes learned through Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 140 Having multiple paths allows load-balancing among the Device(config-router)# paths. (Although the switch software allows a maximum maximum-paths 8 of 32 equal-cost routes, the switch hardware will never use more than 16 paths per route.) Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 141: Configuring Bgp Filtering With Route Maps
Creates a route map, and enter route-map configuration mode. [sequence-number] Example: Device(config)# route-map set-peer-address permit 10 Step 3 set ip next-hop ip-address [...ip-address] (Optional) Sets a route map to disable next-hop [peer-address] processing Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 142: Configuring Bgp Filtering By Neighbor
Example: Device# configure terminal Step 2 router bgp autonomous-system Enables a BGP routing process, assign it an AS number, and enter router configuration mode. Example: Device(config)# router bgp 109 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 143: Configuring Bgp Filtering By Access Lists And Neighbors
BGP autonomous system paths. Each filter is an access list based on regular expressions. (See the “Regular Expressions” appendix in the Cisco IOS Dial Technologies Command Reference, Release 12.4 for more information on forming regular expressions.) To use this method, define an autonomous system path access list, and apply it to updates to and from particular neighbors.
Page 144 [paths regular-expression] Verifies the configuration. Example: Device# show ip bgp neighbors Step 7 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 145: Configuring Prefix Lists For Bgp Filtering
[detail | summary] name Verifies the configuration by displaying information about a prefix list or prefix list entries. [network/len] [seq seq-num] [longer] [first-match] Example: Device# show ip prefix list summary test Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 146: Configuring Bgp Community Filtering
Device(config)# router bgp 108 Step 4 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group name} Specifies that the COMMUNITIES attribute be sent send-community to the neighbor at this IP address. Example: Device(config-router)# neighbor 172.16.70.23 send-community Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 147: Configuring Bgp Neighbors And Peer Groups
IP address. To assign the options to a peer group, specify any of the commands by using the peer group name. You can disable a BGP peer or peer group without removing all the configuration information by using the neighbor shutdown router configuration command. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 148 The range is 1 to 4294967295. The threshold (optional) is the percentage of maximum at which a warning message is generated. The default is 75 percent. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 149 (Optional) Configures the software to start storing soft-reconfiguration inbound received updates. Step 24 Returns to privileged EXEC mode. Example: Device(config)# end Step 25 show ip bgp neighbors Verifies the configuration. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 150: Configuring Aggregate Addresses In A Routing Table
Do not use this keyword when aggregating many paths because this route must be continually withdrawn and updated. Step 5 aggregate-address address-mask (Optional) Advertises summary addresses only. summary-only Example: Device(config-router)# aggregate-address 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 summary-only Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 151: Configuring Routing Domain Confederations
Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Configuring Routing Domain Confederations You must specify a confederation identifier that acts as the autonomous system number for the group of autonomous systems. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 152 Verifies the configuration. Example: Device# show ip bgp network Step 8 (Optional) Saves your entries in the copy running-config startup-config configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 153: Configuring Bgp Route Reflectors
Returns to privileged EXEC mode. Example: Device(config)# end Step 7 show ip bgp Verifies the configuration. Displays the originator ID and the cluster-list attributes. Example: Device# show ip bgp Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 154: Configuring Route Dampening
(Optional) Changes the default values of max-suppress [route-map map] route dampening factors. Example: Device(config-router)# bgp dampening 30 1500 10000 120 Step 5 Returns to privileged EXEC mode. Example: Device(config)# end Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 155: Monitoring And Maintaining Bgp
The table given below lists the privileged EXEC commands for clearing and displaying BGP. For explanations of the display fields, see the Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 2 of 3: Routing Protocols, Release 12.4. Table 15: IP BGP Clear and Show Commands clear ip bgp address Resets a particular BGP connection.
Page 156 Displays the status of all BGP connections. The bgp log-neighbor changes command is enabled by default. It allows to log messages that are generated when a BGP neighbor resets, comes up, or goes down. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 157: Is-Is Routing
For IS-IS multiarea routing, you can configure only one process to perform Level 2 routing, although you can define up to 29 Level 1 areas for each Cisco unit. If Level 2 routing is configured on any process, all additional processes are automatically configured as Level 1.
Page 158: Is-Is Global Parameters
You can raise the hello multiplier and lower the hello interval correspondingly to make the hello protocol more reliable without increasing the time required to detect a link failure. • Other time intervals: Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 159: How To Configure Is-Is Routing
LSP maximum lifetime (without a 1200 seconds (20 minutes) before t.he LSP packet is deleted. refresh) LSP refresh interval Send LSP refreshes every 900 seconds (15 minutes). Maximum LSP packet size 1497 bytes. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 160: Enabling Is-Is Routing
(Optional) Use the area tag argument to identify the area to which the IS-IS router is assigned. You must Device(config)# router isis tag1 enter a value if you are configuring multiple IS-IS areas. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 161 IS-IS if any one interface is configured for IS-IS routing. Example: Device(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.5 255.255.255.0 Step 9 Returns to privileged EXEC mode. Example: Device(config)# end Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 162: Configuring Is-Is Global Parameters
LSPs. This command is enabled by default (corrupted LSPs are dropped). To purge Example: the corrupted LSPs, enter the no ignore-lsp-errors router Device(config-router)# configuration command. ignore-lsp-errors Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 163 (Optional) Sets an LSP refresh interval in seconds. The range is from 1 to 65535 seconds. The default is to send LSP refreshes every 900 seconds (15 minutes). Example: Device(config-router)# lsp-refresh-interval 1080 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 164 The range is 1 to 10,000; the default is 2000. • prc-second-wait—the hold time between the first and second PRC calculation (in milliseconds). The range is 1 to 10,000; the default is 5000. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 165: Configuring Is-Is Interface Parameters
(Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. startup-config Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Configuring IS-IS Interface Parameters Procedure Command or Action Purpose Step 1 configure terminal Enters the global configuration mode. Example: Device# configure terminal Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 166 (Optional) Configures the IS-IS LSP retransmission throttle milliseconds interval, which is the maximum rate (number of milliseconds between packets) at which IS-IS LSPs will be re-sent on Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 167 Step 12 Returns to privileged EXEC mode. Example: Device(config)# end Step 13 copy running-config (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. startup-config Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 168: Monitoring And Maintaining Is-Is
The following table lists the privileged EXEC commands for clearing and displaying IS-IS routing. For explanations of the display fields, see the use the Cisco IOS command reference master index, or search online. Table 17: IS-IS Show Commands...
Page 169: Understanding Multi-Vrf Ce
The figure shows a configuration using switches as multiple virtual CEs. This scenario is suited for customers who have low bandwidth requirements for their VPN service, for example, small companies. In this case, Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 170: Packet-Forwarding Process
• When a CE receives a packet from an egress PE, it uses the input policy label to look up the correct VPN routing table. If a route is found, it forwards the packet within the VPN. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 171: Network Components
VRF-aware service. VRF-Aware services are implemented in platform-independent modules. VRF means multiple routing instances in Cisco IOS. Each platform has its own limit on the number of VRFs it supports. VRF-aware services have the following characteristics: •...
Page 172: Multi-Vrf Ce Configuration Guidelines
• You cannot enable VRF when policy-based routing (PBR) is enabled on an interface, and the reverse. • You cannot enable VRF when Web Cache Communication Protocol (WCCP) is enabled on an interface, and the reverse. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 173: Configuring Vrfs
VRF, and enter interface configuration mode. The interface can be a routed port or SVI. Example: Device(config-vrf)# interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1 Step 8 ip vrf forwarding vrf-name Associates the VRF with the Layer 3 interface. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 174: Configuring Vrf-Aware Services
• Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (uRPF) • Syslog • Traceroute • FTP and TFTP The switch does not support VRF-aware services for Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding Note (uRPF) or Network Time Protocol (NTP). Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 175: Configuring Vrf-Aware Services For Arp
Configuring VRF-Aware Services Configuring VRF-Aware Services for ARP For complete syntax and usage information for the commands, see the switch command reference for this release and the Cisco IOS Switching Services Command Reference, Release 12.4. Procedure Command or Action Purpose...
Page 176: Configuring Vrf-Aware Servcies For Urpf
VRF, and source lookup is done in the VRF table. For complete syntax and usage information for the commands, refer to the switch command reference for this release and the Cisco IOS Switching Services Command Reference, Release 12.4. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 177 Device(config-if)# ip address 10.1.5.1 Step 6 ip verify unicast reverse-path Enables uRPF on the interface. Example: Device(config-if)# ip verify unicast reverse-path Step 7 Returns to privileged EXEC mode. Example: Device(config-if)# end Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 178: Configuring Vrf-Aware Radius
Per VRF AAA Feature Guide. Configuring VRF-Aware Services for Syslog For complete syntax and usage information for the commands, refer to the switch command reference for this release and the Cisco IOS Switching Services Command Reference, Release 12.4. Procedure Command or Action...
Page 179: Configuring Vrf-Aware Services For Traceroute
Device(config-if)# end Configuring VRF-Aware Services for Traceroute For complete syntax and usage information for the commands, refer to the switch command reference for this release and the Cisco IOS Switching Services Command Reference, Release 12.4. Procedure Command or Action Purpose...
Page 180: Configuring Multicast Vrfs
Cisco IOS IP Multicast Command Reference. For more information about configuring a multicast within a Multi-VRF CE, see the IP Routing: Protocol-Independent Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15S. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 181 (Optional) Associates a route map with the VRF. Example: Device(config-vrf)# import map importmap1 Step 7 ip multicast-routing vrf vrf-name (Optional) Enables global multicast routing for distributed VRF table. Example: Device(config-vrf)# ip multicast-routing vrf vpn1 distributed Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 182 VRFs. Example: Device# show ip vrf detail vpn1 Step 14 (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration copy running-config startup-config file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 183: Configuring A Vpn Routing Session
Defines a network address and mask on which OSPF runs and the area ID for that network address. Example: Device(config-router)# network 1 area 2 Step 6 Returns to privileged EXEC mode. Example: Device(config-router)# end Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 184: Configuring Bgp Pe To Ce Routing Sessions
Step 5 network network-number area area-id Defines a network address and mask on which OSPF runs and the area ID for that network address. Example: Device(config-router)# network 5 area 2 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 185: Monitoring Multi-Vrf Ce
Displays routing protocol information associated with a VRF. show ip route vrf vrf-name [connected] [protocol Displays IP routing table information [as-number]] [list] [mobile] [odr] [profile] [static] [summary] associated with a VRF. [supernets-only] Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 186: Configuration Examples For Multi-Vrf Ce
[brief | detail | interfaces] [vrf-name] Displays information about the defined VRF instances. For more information about the information in the displays, see the Cisco IOS Switching Services Command Reference, Release 12.4. Configuration Examples for Multi-VRF CE Multi-VRF CE Configuration Example OSPF is the protocol used in VPN1, VPN2, and the global network.
Page 187 Device(config-router)# redistribute bgp 800 subnets Device(config-router)# network 208.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 Device(config-router)# exit Device(config)# router ospf 2 vrf vl2 Device(config-router)# redistribute bgp 800 subnets Device(config-router)# network 118.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 Device(config-router)# exit Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 188 Router(config-vrf)# rd 100:2 Router(config-vrf)# route-target export 100:2 Router(config-vrf)# route-target import 100:2 Router(config-vrf)# exit Router(config)# ip cef Router(config)# interface Loopback1 Router(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding v1 Router(config-if)# ip address 3.3.1.3 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)# exit Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 189: Configuring Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding
ISP, its customer, and the rest of the Internet. Note • Unicast RPF is supported in Network Essentials. For detailed IP unicast RPF configuration information, see the Other Security Features chapter in the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide. Protocol-Independent Features This section describes IP routing protocol-independent features that are available on switches running the Network Essentials feature set .
Page 190: Distributed Cisco Express Forwarding
Distributed Cisco Express Forwarding Information About Cisco Express Forwarding Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) is a Layer 3 IP switching technology used to optimize network performance. CEF implements an advanced IP look-up and forwarding algorithm to deliver maximum Layer 3 switching performance.
Page 191 Displays the CEF status on all interfaces. Example: Device# show ip cef Step 8 show cef linecard [detail] (Optional) Displays CEF-related interface information on a non-stacking switch. Example: Device# show cef linecard detail Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 192: Number Of Equal-Cost Routing Paths
IP routing protocol in its routing table. Although the switch software allows a maximum of 32 equal-cost routes, the switch hardware will never use more than 16 paths per route. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 193: How To Configure Equal-Cost Routing Paths
Static routes can be important if the router cannot build a route to a particular destination and are useful for specifying a gateway of last resort to which all unroutable packets are sent. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 194: Configuring Static Unicast Routes
Static routes can be important if the router cannot build a route to a particular destination and are useful for specifying a gateway of last resort to which all unroutable packets are sent. Follow these steps to configure a static route: Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 195 What to Do Next Use the no ip route prefix mask {address| interface} global configuration command to remove a static route. The device retains static routes until you remove them. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 196: Default Routes And Networks
The system periodically scans its routing table to choose the optimal default network as its default route. In IGRP networks, there might be several candidate networks for the system default. Cisco routers use administrative distance and metric information to set the default route or the gateway of last resort.
Page 197: Route Maps To Redistribute Routing Information
Although each of Steps 3 through 14 in the following section is optional, you must enter at least one match route-map configuration command and one set route-map configuration command. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 198 Matches a standard access list by specifying the access-list-name} [...access-list-number | name or number. It can be an integer from 1 to 199..access-list-name] Example: Device(config-route-map)# match ip address 5 80 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 199 Device(config-route-map)# match route-type local • external—OSPF external routes (Type 1 or Type 2) or EIGRP external routes. Step 12 set dampening halflife reuse suppress Sets BGP route dampening factors. max-suppress-time Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 200 0 to 4294967295. • reliability—Likelihood of successful packet transmission expressed as a number between 0 and 255, where 255 means 100 percent reliability and 0 means no reliability. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 201: How To Control Route Distribution
Although each of Steps 3 through 14 in the following section is optional, you must enter at least one match route-map configuration command and one set route-map configuration command. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 202 Cause the EIGRP routing protocol to use the loading mtu same metric value for all non-EIGRP redistributed routes. Example: Device(config-router)# default-metric 1000 100 250 100 1500 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 203: Policy-Based Routing
◦ A match command can match on length or multiple ACLs. A route map statement can contain multiple match commands. Logical or algorithm function is performed across all the match commands to reach a permit or deny decision. For example: Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 204: How To Configure Pbr
If match clauses are satisfied, you can use a set clause to specify the IP addresses identifying the next hop router in the path. For details about PBR commands and keywords, see Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 2 of 3: Routing Protocols.
Page 205 Matches the source and destination IP addresses that are | access-list-name} [access-list-number permitted by one or more standard or extended access |...access-list-name] lists. ACLs can match on more than one source and destination IP address. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 206 (Optional) Enables local PBR to perform policy-based routing on packets originating at the switch. This applies to packets generated by the switch, and not to incoming Example: packets. Device(config)# ip local policy route-map local-pbr Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 207: Filtering Routing Information
Use a network monitoring privileged EXEC command such as show ip ospf interface to verify the interfaces that you enabled as passive, or use the show ip interface privileged EXEC command to verify the interfaces that you enabled as active. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 208 Device(config-router)# network 10.1.1.1 Step 7 Returns to privileged EXEC mode. Example: Device(config-router)# end Step 8 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 209: Controlling Advertising And Processing In Routing Updates
Device(config-router)# distribute-list 125 Step 5 Returns to privileged EXEC mode. Example: Device(config-router)# end Step 6 copy running-config startup-config (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 210: Filtering Sources Of Routing Information
Step 4 Returns to privileged EXEC mode. Example: Device(config-router)# end Step 5 show ip protocols Displays the default administrative distance for a specified routing process. Example: Device# show ip protocols Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 211: Managing Authentication Keys
Enters global configuration mode. Example: Device# configure terminal Step 2 key chain name-of-chain Identifies a key chain, and enter key chain configuration mode. Example: Device(config)# key chain key10 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 212 Displays authentication key information. Example: Device# show key chain Step 9 (Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. copy running-config startup-config Example: Device# copy running-config startup-config Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 213: Monitoring And Maintaining The Ip Network
Feature Information for IP Unicast Routing Table 22: Feature Information for IP Unicast Routing Feature Name Release Feature Information IP Unicast Routing Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.5.1a This feature was introduced Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 214 Configuring IP Unicast Routing Feature Information for IP Unicast Routing Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 215: Membership
• The feature does not support the fragmentation of multicast packets passing through a multicast tunnel. • The feature does not support the ISIS (Intermediate System to intermediate system) protocol. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 216: Information About Gre Tunnel Ip Source And Destination Vrf Membership
VRF table defines the VPN membership of a customer site attached to the network access server (NAS). Each VRF table comprises an IP routing table, a derived Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) table, and guidelines and routing protocol parameters that control the information that is included in the routing table.
Page 217: Configuration Example For Gre Tunnel Ip Source And Destination Vrf Membership
10.7.7.7 255.255.255.255 interface tunnel0 ip vrf forwarding green ip address 10.3.3.3 255.255.255.0 tunnel source loop 0 tunnel destination 10.5.5.5 tunnel vrf blue interface ethernet0 Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 218: Additional References
Registered Cisco.com users can log in from this page to access even more content. Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 219: Feature History For Generic Routing Encapsulation Tunnel Ip Source And Destination Vrf Membership
Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature. Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Page 220 Configuring Generic Routing Encapsulation(GRE) Tunnel IP Source and Destination VRF Membership Feature History for Generic Routing Encapsulation Tunnel IP Source and Destination VRF Membership Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)
Page 221: Notices
Notices Trademarks Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third-party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company.
Page 222 Notices Trademarks Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)

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